| Abstract: | 論 文 摘 要本論文研究主要探討趙之謙書風演變的歷程、因素及其社會意涵，並回溯其風格的淵源。藉由趙之謙書畫的作品圖像作為材料，結合歷史文獻、當代學術論文與著作，並以前人之研究成果為基礎，進一步探討，以圖像志和歷史學、文化學的方法，考察趙之謙書藝的淵源，書藝風格的演變歷程，探究其發展軌跡與其社會意涵。本文擬對趙之謙書法藝術做一溯源，趙之謙書法作品所呈現出對魏碑的詮釋，以趙之原作並附原碑相同文字做風格分析，排出次序並分析其間風格的轉變，在與原碑做比較的過程中去了解他從中借鑒了什麼？師法鄧石如的部分，又有那些？師法吳讓之、閻德林的部分，又有那些？筆者在考察其書藝風格的發展過程中，發現其書法的筆畫，表現出刀法的筆意，篆刻書法兩者之間相互為用，而在初期篆刻刀法的筆意加入其書法風格中，接著在新書風孕化期時，北魏書法的筆意、漲墨的風格陸續加入其書法風格中，精熟高峰期時將繪畫理念加入其書法風格中，而在42歲之前的風格是趨向於誇張的風格，之後則趨向收歛的風格，其書畫皆有此一傾向，引起筆者的好奇，究竟是受了什麼因素影響？這些都是筆者欲深入探討的內涵，進而建立其風格演變的歷程。趙之謙的書法不斷開展，迭有新境，筆者依其書寫神韻及其藝術特徵，將其書藝風格變易的歷程，分期如下：第一期33歲以前，大字以顏法為宗，小字則略有鍾王的魏晉古風，稱為顏法時期；第二期自34歲（1862年）到37歲以前風格大變，遍觀六朝金石碑版古刻文字，廣涉博參而自然融合的結果，所謂的「融碑入帖」，呈現出「魏底顏面」的風貌，是為新書風孕化期；37歲到42歲（1870年），加入魏碑的風格且趨向誇張、宏放雄肆的風格，為精熟高峰期，42歲之後則趨向謹飾收歛的風格，排法整齊，左右對稱，趨於嚴謹的配置，具聚斂性書風，圓勁蒼古，渾厚雄強，精神飽滿，為古拙率放期。在探索趙氏書藝風格演化痕跡和過程中，所呈現出的歷史和社會意涵又是什麼？其書法的創新表現與碑學時代的關係又是什麼？也是本文想深入探討的。亦即上述偏好、特點形成之主客觀因素，反映著書家與各類求書者，世俗所好，贊助者的關係，以及書家的思想傾向與情感趣味，另他一度以賣書畫為生，連帶地影響到其作書的風格，筆者想透過作品，從書畫題跋、印跋、書寫之內容、尺牘…等，其中的文字記載，去尋繹出其書畫篆刻藝術的審美意識、思想內涵、整體藝術觀、書學之源流和師承。藉用藝術史的角度對作品作一引證、比對和風格分析，進而探討作品所呈現出的社會意涵。最後做一總結的論述，就歷來後人對趙之謙的書法藝術的評價及有關的評述，在書史上的意義與價值所在，給予客觀而公允的論述。
ABSTRACTThe purpose of the thesis is mainly to explore the process of evolution factors and its social implication,and the style of Zhao Zhiqian’s calligraphy, and to trace the source of his styles. Make it to be materials by the images of calligraphic and painting’s works of Zhao Zhiqian,to get united the historical documents,contemporary academic articles and literary works,meanwhile based the researching achievements of predecessors,and further to expore,to inspect the process of evolution of source and style of calligraphic arts by the methods of image record、historical、culturalogy,and to explore the developing orbit and social meanings of Zhao Zhiqian.This thesis will to recall the calligraphic art of Zhao Zhiqian, to translate the engravings calligraphy of Northern Wei Dynasty that appear in the calligraphic works of Zhao Zhiqian,analyzed the style of Zhao’s original works and to be added the same letters of original engraving to them,arrayed the order and analyzed the shift of style among them,in the process of comparing these to the original engraving calligraphies to understand what’re the lessons that he had learned from it？Which are that he had emulated Dong Shi, and which are that he had emulated Wu Rangzhi and Yan Delin？When the writer in the process of exploring his style of calligraphic art,found out strokes of calligraphy appears the calligraphic style of knife’s usage,both of cutting a seal and calligraphy are interacting. In early,the way of cutting the seal in a seal type to be added to the style of calligraphy,after this,during the period of nuturing of new style of calligraphy,the calligraphic style of Northern Wei Dynasty calligraphy,style of swelling ink to be added to his style of calligraphy one by one,during the high tide of master and mature,he had added the ideas to the style of his calligraphy,and before 42 of age,his style of calligraphy is inclined to the style of exaggeration,before this,it’s inclined to contractile,his alligraphies and paintings have this inclinations,the writer is curious about it,what’re the factors that had affected it after all,these are the connotations,which the writer intended to further explore,and move forward to establish the process of evolution of his calligraphies style.The calligrphy of Zhao Zhiqian is developing continually,Always has new phenomenon,the writer according to the poetic guality of writing and the character of art,arrayed the process of evolution of calligraphy style as follows：the first period,before 33 of age (1861s) large words ate abiding by the calligraphy of Yan Zhenqing,then small words have the approximately the ancient practices of Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi,it’s being called the period of Yan’s calligraphy,the second period is from 34 of age (1862s) to before the 37 of age,it had been changed very much,looking all over the ancient cutting words of metal’s and stone’s steles,it’s the result of natural integration the extensive involved and ample consulted,it’s being called " Integrating Epigraphic Into Model Letters ",appear the view of " Wei entity and Yan surface",it’s nurturing period of new calligraphic style,from 37 of age to 42 of age (1870s),it’s to be added the style of Wei inscription and intended to a style of exaggeration and broad minded and unrestrained,that’s a high tide of master and mature，after 42 of age,it’s intending to a style of cautious fake and exaggerated,it’s tidy of array and parallel of left and right，intending to the array of well-knit has a calligraphic style of collected,skillful and forceful,hoary and old,simple and imposing,grandiose and strong,vigorous and energetic,it’s a period of antiquated and frankly.During the exploration of the evolutionary trace and the process of Zhao Zhiqian’s calligraphic style,what’re the meanings of history and social that it appear？and what’s the relationship between his calligraphic brand-new appearance and inscription age？which is this thesis want to explore.It meant of the elements of subjective and of objective of the form of hobbies and characters as previous narrations.It reflected the relationships among the every kind of calligraphy-seekers、secular lovers and sponsors,it also reflected the thoughtful intend and emotional fun.By the way,he had once sold books for living,that had joint affected his style of writing calligraphy,the writer expect to through works,from the colophons,seal postscripts,the writing contents,letters….etc.of calligraphy and paintings,the record of words among previous narrated,to search for translating the esthetic consciousness of his Calligraphy,paintings and the cutting seal art,the thoughtful connotations,the whole ideas of art,the source and learning.By means of the angle of art history to make an evidence,a collation,and a style’s analysis of the works,and further to explore the meanings that the works appear.Finally,we made a conclusive narrations to give a objective and fairly narrations of the estimates and relative narrations,the meanings and merits in the history of calligraphy. |
