在臺陸生的跨文化適應研究

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Title:	在臺陸生的跨文化適應研究
Other Titles:	Intercultural Adaptation of Chinese Students in Taiwan
Authors:	趙一鳴 ZHAO,YI-MING
Contributors:	劉正 LIU，JENG 社會學系
Keywords:	陸生;就學動機;跨文化適應 Students from China;Study Motivation;Intercultural Adaptation
Date:	2018
Issue Date:	2018-11-07T04:38:42Z (UTC)
Abstract:	自2011年臺灣開放首批大陸學生赴臺就讀正式學位以來，陸生逐漸成長為目前在臺灣高校留學的境外學生中人數最多的群體。臺灣與大陸同屬華人社會，兩岸之間雖政治體制不同，但文化卻有相通的部分。本研究主要想探討的是：身處同質文化社會中的陸生，是否會遇到跨文化適應的問題？本研究採個案研究的方法論立場，以10位陸生為研究對象，以半結構式深度訪談為研究工具，主要結合John Berry的「跨文化適應模型」和Colleen Ward的「文化適應過程模型」兩項模型為理論基礎，從生活適應、學習適應和社會文化適應三個方面的影響因素上，考察不同學位的陸生在情緒、行為和認知三個層面做出的文化適應策略。研究發現，本科生以外控取向的就學動機為主，研究生則是以內控取向的問題為主。在生活適應的面向上，與舍友相處模式的偏差、口音的差異、就醫的不便等，陸生通常會通過主動的適應策略來因應；在學習適應的面向上，主要是「三限六不」政策的限制會給一些陸生在學術的深造上造成障礙；在社會文化適應的面向上，陸生普遍會在來臺初期遭遇認同衝擊，但隨著時間的增加，面對政策區隔、認同差異、輿論氛圍，能夠以客觀、理性的立場進行反身性的思考。 As the open policy granting the first student from China to pursue formal degree Universities in Taiwan, the number of students from Mainland China is increasingly growing, and has become the biggest group among overseas students in Taiwan. Although Taiwan and Mainland China have different political systems, there are many cultural paralleles. This study tries to figure out whether the students from Mainland China live in this homogenized cultural society would involve problems caused by acculturation.Following John Berry’s Cross-cultural adaptation model and Collen Ward’s Cultural adaptation process model, we investigate the strategies Chinese students used on emotional, behavioral, and cognitive adaptation, by interviewing 10 Chinese students in 2017-2018.According to our in-depth interview, we find the undergraduate students are mainly motivated by external control orientation while postgraduate students are driven by their own factors. In life adaptation level, students from mainland China tend to take adaptation strategies spontaneously to adapt to differences of living habits with their roommates, intonation differences, and medical inconveniences. In learning adaptation level, barriers that hinder students from academic further fullfillment are mainly the limitations caused by the policy ‘Three Limit Six Not’. In social and cultural adaptation level, generally speaking, students have experienced many identity shocks when they initially came to Taiwan. However, comfronting the divergent policies, cognitive differences and atmosphere of public opinion, they would gradually have more reflexive thinking with an objective and rational perception.
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