| Abstract: | 在這近幾十年裡，反烏托邦次類型小說的流行程度逐漸上升，有如M.T. Anderson的《餵食》(2002) 、Patrick Ness的《噪反》三部曲(2008-2010)、Suzanne Collins的《飢餓遊戲》三部曲(2008-2010)、Veronica Roth的《分歧者》系列(2011-2013)，以及James Dashner的《移動迷宮》系列小說(2009-2016)。反烏托邦通常從完美社會的幻覺——即所謂的烏托邦——開始，但隨著劇情的發展以及推移，故事中的人物以及讀者都意識到這個理想的世界並非表象的完美。因此，反烏托邦文學即於其烏托邦原型的倒轉，展示了烏托邦夢的陰暗面。 此外，在當代的青少年反烏托邦小說中，還有推崇顯眼且堅強女主角的風氣，舉例來說：《飢餓遊戲》三部曲以及《分歧者》系列小說。本論文檢視了青少年反烏托邦文學中的女性主義觀點，主要聚焦於《飢餓遊戲》三部曲中的女主角Katniss Everdeen：Katniss被視為堅強、敏感且機智的主要人物，並且在她所生活的壓抑社會中，扮演著如戰士、反抗者、女英雄、以及神力女孩等多面向且複雜的角色。依據兒童文學特定術語「Tomboy」，意指表現如同活潑男孩的女孩，亦有男人婆等貶意之詞，Katniss確實擁有Tomboy的一些陽剛特質；然而，Katniss 仍試圖堅持顯著的女性自我認同身份(female identity)，並詮釋少女期(girlhood)和女力(girl power)等現代的創新概念。此論文著重於Katniss此女主角的性別展演且詳細分析其如何堅持不懈地在反烏托邦世界中成長，從而為青少年讀者展現在當今社會成為青少年的意義。
In the last decades, there has been a steady rise in the popularity of the dystopian sub-genre in young adult literature, such as M.T. Anderson’s Feed (2002), Patrick Ness’s Chaos Walking trilogy (2008-2010), The Hunger Games series (2008-2010) by Suzanne Collins, Veronica Roth’s Divergent series (2011-2013), and James Dashner’s The Maze Runner series (2009-2016). Dystopias often start with the illusion of a perfect society, a so-called utopia, but as the story progresses, the characters in the stories and also the readers both realize that this supposedly ideal world is far from perfect. Dystopian literature, therefore, in its reversal of the utopian model, shows the dark side of the utopian dream.In some contemporary young adult dystopian fiction, moreover, there is also a vogue for strong heroines, as is seen in The Hunger Games trilogy (2008-2010), and the Divergent series (2011-2013). This thesis examines the feminist strand in dystopian young adult literature and focuses mainly on Katniss Everdeen, the female protagonist, in The Hunger Games trilogy. Katniss is a strong, sensitive, and intelligent figure and assumes a complex and multi-dimensional role as warrior, rebel, heroine, and wonder girl who fights against the repressive post-apocalyptic America in which she lives. When viewed in light of the tradition of the “tomboy,” a specific term in children’s literature for “a girl who behaves like a spirited or boisterous boy,” Katniss, indeed, shares some of the masculine features of the tomboy (Abate “Tomboy” 220). At the same time, however, she still seeks to assert a strong female identity and represents innovative modern conceptions of girlhood and girl power. A close analysis of Katniss’ gender performances demonstrates how she perseveres against all odds and achieves adulthood in a dystopian world, thus giving young female readers fresh perspectives on what it means to be a young adult in contemporary society. |
