中高齡者參與社區膳食計畫對社區參與 、老齡化和生活滿意度影響之研究

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Title:	中高齡者參與社區膳食計畫對社區參與、老齡化和生活滿意度影響之研究
Other Titles:	A Study of the Influence of Middle-Aged and Elderly People’s Participation in Community Meal Plan on Community Participation, Aging in Place, and Life Satisfaction
Authors:	柯祥至 KE, XIANG-ZIH
Contributors:	王本正 WANG, BEN-JENG 企業管理學系碩士班
Keywords:	社區共餐;社區參與;在地老化;生活滿意度 Community Meal;Community Participation;Aging in Place;Life Satisfaction
Date:	2019
Issue Date:	2019-12-16T03:20:18Z (UTC)
Abstract:	高齡化社會的來臨，使得政府不得不重視高齡者的需求。社區共餐服務是政府近年來積極推動的一項福利政策，鼓勵高齡者到社區關懷據點用餐，出來與他人互動，出門用餐之餘，同時也可以結交朋友、參與社區活動，充實他們的生活，對於生活有更多的期許，更願意居住於原本社區，達到高齡者在地老化以及生活滿意度的提升。本研究透過整理需求理論、社區共餐、社區參與、在地老化、生活滿意度相關文獻，提出本研究之假設模型，並引用專家、學者發展之量表，對高齡者的共餐參與需求、社區參與、在地老化傾向、生活滿意度進行探討。於5/15前往台中市西屯區福瑞社區的共餐據點，參與共餐活動及發放前測問卷，確認各題項之具有足夠的信度後。於5/20~7/18前往台中、彰化之共餐據點發放紙本問卷、也同時運用滾雪球抽樣法，發放電子問卷至身邊的中高齡者，探討中高齡者之想法，共收回367份問卷，扣除全部填答同一選項之無效問卷後，共得有效問卷283份。本研究運用IBM SPSS Statistic22進行敘述性統計、信度分析，確認題項之足夠信度；運用Smart PLS 3.0，驗證本研究之假設是否成立。此處將中高齡者與高齡者分別驗證，發現不同年齡層的人們認知仍有所差異，結果顯示身體健康狀況與共餐參與狀況無顯著，餐飲本身問題與共餐參與狀況呈顯著，用餐問題與共餐參與狀況除高齡者樣本外皆為顯著，共餐參與與社區參與呈顯著，社區參與與在地老化呈顯著，而在地老化則與生活滿意度為顯著關係。結論歸納出影響中高齡者與高齡者參與共餐的因素，期望能讓更多高齡者願意參與此項政策，保持他們的身體健康，減少健保支出，減少國家醫療資源的浪費，降低國家的財政負擔，健全財政體系，給社會問題帶來改善解決的方法。 Taiwan is facing an aging society, which makes our government have to pay more attention to the needs of the elderly. Recently, government has prompted community meal service as a welfare policy, in order to encourage the elderly dining at the community care center, so that they can make friends and participate in community activity. The elderly will have more willingness of aging in place and enhance their life satisfaction. This study proposes a hypothetical model by sorting out demand theory, community meal plans, community participation, aging in place, and life satisfaction related literature. It also cites expert’s developed scale and discusses the needs of the elderly, community participation, aging in place, and life satisfaction. On 15th of May, the research participated in a community meal activity in Xitun District, Taichung city, and made the pretest confirm the reliability of the scale. From 20th of May to 18th of July, paper questionnaires were collected from several community meal base by using snowball sampling. 367 samples were collected, af-ter reducing the invalid questionnaires that answered the same option, 283 question-naires were obtained in total. In this study, IBM SPSS Statistic 22 was used for the reliability analysis to confirm the reliability of the items. Smart PLS 3.0was used to verify whether the hypothesis of this study is established or not. Middle-aged and the elderly were verified separately. This study finds out that people in different ages still have different cognitions. The results show that the personal health conditions has no significant effect on community meal participation. Food problem positively impacts on community meal participation. Dining problem positively impacts on community meal participation apart from elderly. Participation of the community meal positively impacts on community participation, community participation posi-tively impacts on willingness of aging in place, willingness of aging in place also positively impacts on the life satisfaction. In conclusion, this study summarizes fac-tors that affect the participation of middle-aged and elderly people in the community meal. It is expected that more elderly will be willing to participate in this policy, in order to maintain their health and reduce health insurance expenditure.
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