| Abstract: | 本研究旨在初步探討台灣近年來產業結構及工作型態之變遷，對兩性薪資差異源自於性別特性差異之影響，亦或是性別歧視所產生的差距。利用行政院主計處自民國101年至106年《人力運用調查》之資料作為研究之實證資料來源。以薪資特徵理論為基礎，採用年齡、教育程度、婚姻狀況、子女人數、產業、職業、就讀科系及勞雇型態等特徵變數，建立迴歸模型，並且由此模型加以分析男女薪資受其變數的影響關係。研究結果顯示：近年來台灣勞動者的薪資會受到產業結構及勞雇型態的改變所影響，且男女兩性之薪資有逐年縮減的趨勢，其原因與產業職業的隔離及非典型市場的市場歧視有關。 本文以Oaxaca（1973）及Oaxaca and Ranson（1994）的兩性薪資分解模型分析，雖然男女薪資仍具有差異，但兩性薪資差異已有逐年減少的趨勢，且薪資差異可由男女特性所可解釋之部分也已達到60%至70%，說明了近年來職場中的兩性的薪資差異已經有絕大部分可由其男女特性所解釋，亦即薪資模型中無法解釋之部分（歸咎於性別歧視的部分）已有逐年下降的趨勢。 在探討不同產業下的男女薪資差異受何種因素影響，第三級產業的女性所就讀科系與薪資報酬有很大的關聯，而在第三級產業中，非典型工作者的每小時薪資會低於典型工作者，而若台灣社會已走向以第三級產業為主的社會，且派遣市場又持續擴張，這種勞動型態對於勞動者的薪資呈現負向影響，因此進入典型或非典型市場工作，確實會影響工作者所獲得的薪資報酬。
The study aims at exploring the changes in Taiwan's industrial structure and working types in recent years. The difference in gender wages is due to the difference in gender characteristics or the gap sexual discrimination . We regard the data of the “Manpower Use Survey” from 2012 to 2017 as sample. We used the age, education level, marital status, the number of children, industry, occupation, department of study and labor type,etc. as empirical variables to analysis the influences of the wage differential by applying hedonic characteristics method. Then,we also used the model to analyze the salary between men and women. The research results show that the salary of Taiwanese workers in recent years will be affected by the changes in industrial structure and working type, and the wage differential have been shrinking year by year. The reasons are related to the segregation of industrial occupations and market discrimination in atypical markets. This paper analyzes the wage decomposition model of Oaxaca (1973) and Oaxaca and Ranson (1994). Although the wage differential still have differences, the gender pay gap has been decreasing year by year, and the difference in salary can be explained by the characteristics of men and women. It has reached 60% to 70%, indicating that the salary differences between the difference gender in the workplace in recent years have been explained by the characteristics of men and women, that is to say, they are not affected by the gender of the workers and affect the wage differential.In terms of discussing the factors that affect the wages of men and women in different industries, the departments in the tertiary industry have a great correlation with the salary, while in the tertiary industry, the hourly salary of the atypical workers. It will be lower than the typical workers, and if the Taiwan society has moved toward a society dominated by tertiary industries, and the dispatch market continues to expand, this type of labor has a negative impact on the wages of workers, so it enters the typical or atypical employment relationship. Market work does affect the wages that workers receive. |
