中文摘要隨著兩岸經貿交流日益頻繁，大陸地區充沛及低廉的資源與勞動力、文化語言差異小的優勢，引發產業赴大陸投資熱潮。在經濟全球化的浪潮衝擊，企業面臨全球化的競爭壓力下，如何透過思索全球化佈局，向外拓展版圖，與全球生產體系緊密結合，是企業得以生存及提升競爭力最重要也最基本的策略，面對市場國際化的進展，國際間競爭力成為各國矚目的焦點，如何提升國家競爭優勢更是政府明確宣示的施政目標之一。食品工業長期居於製造業產值前四、五名，因此了解國內食品工業之競爭力，進而塑造其所需的條件或環境，對提升國家競爭力將會有相當大的幫助。而當台灣加入WTO之後，在全球化、自由化的衝擊之下，對內需為主的台灣食品產業，造成莫大的壓力。對外要面對國際大廠的競爭，對內各個廠商亦卯足全力，力求提升自身的競爭力，才不至於居於劣勢；因此提升台灣食品產業、企業之競爭力就成為其賴以生存、永續發展之重要途徑。 本研究主要係探討台灣食品業在面臨競爭壓力下，引發全球化動機並考量區域競爭予以重新佈局時，政府所能扮演的角色及所能提供的政策誘因，以及食品業者兩岸佈局之決策的背後決定驅動因子，亦即推力與拉力，以便提升國家競爭力來幫助或吸引更多的台商企業回流。本研究有下列三個目的︰1 以麥可波特之「鑽石體系」探討影響台灣食品產業與大陸食品產業之競爭力的因素。2 找出台灣食品廠商赴大陸投資特有的考慮及因素條件，以探討出食品業者離開台灣的推力因素。3 探討出食品業回流台灣的拉力，以提出政府吸引企業回流所應扮演的角色及措施。 AbstractAs the trade exchanges between Taiwan and China being frequent day by day, the advantages of the plentiful and cheap resources, workforce, and similar culture and language in China cause Taiwanese investment upsurge in China. Under the impact of economical globalization and the global competition pressure, how to make the globalization arrangement well and expand the business domain by combining closely with production system of the whole world is the enterprises that can survive and improve the most important and basic tactic of the competitiveness. It is one of administration goals that the government explicitly declared that how to improve the national competitive advantages when businesses face the market globalization development and the transnational competitiveness becomes the focal point which the various countries focus attention on.The food industry occupied the number fourth or fifth in the output value of manufacturing industry for a long time in Taiwan, therefore understanding the competitiveness of the domestic food industry, and then to provide the conditions or environment needed will have great help in improving the national competitiveness. However, after Taiwan joined WTO, the impacts of globalization and liberalization cause the greatest pressure to Taiwan food industry especially in it domestic demand. Externally all manufacturers have to face the competition from large global enterprises and have to improve their own competitiveness internally, otherwise they will be likely in the disadvantage position. Therefore, improving the competitiveness of Taiwan food industry becomes the most important issue. This study is mainly to discuss the role that the government can play and the policies they can offer to improve the national competitiveness and help or attract more Taiwan business to come back to reinvest in Taiwan and to understand the push and pull force which affect food manufacturers to make global arrangement decisions between China and Taiwan, while the Taiwan food industry is under the competition pressure and causing the globalization rearrangement motive.Therefore, this research has three purposes as follows: 1. To find out the competitive factors of Taiwan and China food industry by using Michael Porter’s Diamond System. 2. To examine the special considerations and factors that cause Taiwan food manufacturers to go to China to invest, in order to understand the push forces that make the Taiwan businesses leave Taiwan. 3. To examine the Taiwan pull forces of attracting the food manufactures to come back to reinvest in Taiwan, in order to identify the role and policies the government can play and practice.
